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BOROS Léa

BOROS Léa

Doctorante : Etude des changements de système de culture suite à la mise en place de la méthanisation en conditions réelles chez les agriculteurs

Encadrant : F. Levavasseur

du 01/09/2022 au 31/08/2025

 

HAL : Dernières publications

  • [hal-05076549] Changes in cropping systems associated with biogas plants in French cereal-growing areas

    CONTEXT Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process that produces a renewable gas (biogas) and an organic fertilizer (digestate). Energy cover crops, grown between two main crops, are expected to become the predominant AD feedstock in France and other European countries, potentially reshaping cropping systems and agricultural practices. However, farming systems linked to AD remain understudied, potentially leading to AD assessments disconnected from actual farming practices. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to address this gap by characterizing the cropping system changes in French farms associated with biogas plants mainly relying on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions and to discuss the differences with agricultural practices usually considered in AD assessments. METHODS We conducted interviews on 33 farms in French cereal-growing regions between late 2020 and 2023 to characterize changes in cropping systems of non-livestock farms associated with AD. The interview guide covered general farm and biogas plant information, main crop and energy cover crop management, farm-scale fertilization and digestate management. Land cover changes before and after AD were considered, as well as the calculation of a simplified farm-scale nutrient (N, P and K) balance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Key findings revealed that energy cover crops were grown on an average of 30 % of farm surfaces each year. They were generally treated with pesticides, and irrigated on half of the surveyed farms when cultivated in summer. Their introduction implied significant reductions in surfaces of crops with longer growing periods, such as wheat and rapeseed, while the surface of barley, maize and other cereal crops increased. Yield losses of −10 % to −40 % in main crops following winter energy cover crops were reported by 39 % of respondents, who mainly attributed them to delayed sowing dates of summer crops, resulting in a shorter growth period. Potential fertilizer savings achievable through digestate application varied across farms and were positively correlated with the proportion of agro-industrial byproducts in the digester. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first description of agricultural practices of non-livestock farms with AD based mainly on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions. It highlights discrepancies between observed practices and those considered in AD assessments. Future local or national assessments of AD should account for actual on-farm practices, evaluating the impacts of climate change and the potential water scarcity on cropping systems with AD. This is necessary to mitigate any adverse effects resulting from the energy transition.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 21 May 2025

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05076549v1
  • [hal-05075827] Modifications des assolements des fermes associées à la méthanisation en France : approche par enquête et analyse de bases de données

    La méthanisation des cultures intermédiaires à vocation énergétique (CIVE) s’est fortement développée ces dernières années en France, notamment dans des zones céréalières sans élevage. Ce développement interroge quant aux modifications induites des systèmes de culture. Afin de renseigner ces modifications, nous avons enquêté dans un premier temps 33 agriculteurs-méthaniseurs sans élevage dans le bassin parisien, associés à 24 méthaniseurs différents. Nous avons montré une importante insertion des CIVE, allant de 17 à 50% de la SAU des fermes. 9 méthaniseurs recourent également à des cultures dédiées, lesquelles représentent une part médiane de 16 % des surfaces des fermes associées (valeurs comprises entre 5 % et 57 %). L’insertion des CIVE et cultures dédiées induit une modification des cultures principales. Le colza et le blé à cycle cultural plus long et peu compatibles avec l’insertion des CIVE sont en partie délaissés (-6 et -11% de la SAU des fermes, respectivement). En contrepartie, les proportions d’orge d’hiver, de maïs et d’autres céréales augmentent (+9%, +4% et +3%, respectivement), soit en tant que cultures dédiées ou comme précédent ou suivant de CIVE. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié si les changements d’assolement identifiés dans le bassin parisien se retrouvaient partout en France. Pour cela, nous avons croisé plusieurs bases de données : SINOE pour la localisation des méthaniseurs, le registre parcellaire graphique (RPG) pour l’assolement des agriculteurs-méthaniseurs et le recensement agricole (RA) pour obtenir des informations sur les exploitations, notamment leur orientation technico-économique (OTEX). Sur les 828 fermes étudiées associées à un méthaniseur, on retrouve une augmentation significative de la proportion de maïs et d’autres céréales (+4% et +1% de la SAU des fermes respectivement), compensée par une diminution de la proportion du blé et du colza (-3% et -3%, respectivement). Ces changements sont significativement différents de ceux observés dans des zones de contrôle autour des méthaniseurs. Les surfaces en prairies et fourrages sont par contre stables. Derrière ces changements moyens à l’échelle nationale, nous avons montré des changements plus prononcés chez les céréaliers (+6% de maïs par exemple), en lien a priori avec leur plus forte dépendance aux CIVE. Une diversité régionale existe également. Alors que l’orge se développe principalement en Ile-de-France (comme précédent de CIVE d’été a priori), les agriculteurs des régions céréalières aux conditions moins favorables favorisent les autres céréales (seigle, triticale…). Une stratégie de diminution des proportions en prairies et fourrages au profit du maïs a été particulièrement observée dans le grand ouest, là où une stratégie d’augmentation des prairies s’observe majoritairement dans le grand est de la France. Enfin, malgré des changements sur une partie des fermes, environ la moitié ne présente pas de changements significatifs à l’échelle nationale, cette proportion variant également selon les régions. Nos résultats indiquent que le développement de la méthanisation implique des changements d’assolement significatifs et divers au sein des exploitations. A côté des modifications de pratiques de fertilisation, de protection phytosanitaire et d’irrigation également enquêtées dans le bassin parisien, ces modifications d’assolement sont à considérer dans l’évaluation des bénéfices et impacts environnementaux de la méthanisation.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 20 May 2025

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05075827v1
  • [hal-04655409] Changes in cropping systems associated with biogas plants in French cereal-growing areas

    Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a triple transition opportunity by fostering renewable energy, contributing to a circular economy through waste recycling, and supporting farmer autonomy. In France, AD deployment has recently surged, with an expected rise in energy cover crop (ECC) utilisation, potentially reshaping cropping systems and agricultural practices. However, farming systems linked to AD remain understudied in France, resulting in AD assessments often disconnected from actual farming conditions. Through semi-structured interviews with farmers, we characterised cropping system changes of non-livestock farming systems with AD, focusing on French cereal-growing regions (most impacted by ECC introduction). Key findings reveal barley and rye predominance as winter ECC, and maize and sorghum as summer ECC. These ECC are often treated with pesticides, and irrigated on half of the interviewed farms during summer. Although digestate has the potential to reduce fertiliser use, actual savings varied among farms. This highlights the importance of effective digestate management and the use of agro-industrial waste in AD. AD farming systems may affect water resources, necessitating future AD assessments to consider the impacts of climate change and water scarcity on yields. Our findings underscore the importance of aligning AD deployment with sustainable agricultural practices to ensure a successful energy transition.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 22 Jul 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04655409v1
  • [hal-04559651] Changements de systèmes de culture associés à la méthanisation sans élevage en France

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 25 Apr 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04559651v1
  • [hal-04559637] Les systèmes de cultures français associés à la méthanisation sans élevage sont-ils adaptés au changement climatique et permettent-ils de l'atténuer ?

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 25 Apr 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04559637v1
  • [hal-04495385] Méthanisation : bénéfices et impacts agronomiques et environnementaux

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florent Levavasseur) 08 Mar 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04495385v1
  • [hal-04559621] Intégration de matières organiques locales dans les pratiques agricoles : cas d'une diversité de systèmes légumiers en contexte périurbain

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 25 Apr 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04559621v1
  • [hal-04262809] Digestate application and cropping system changes associated with biogas plant development. Variable effects on soil health depending on the baseline

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florent Levavasseur) 27 Oct 2023

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04262809v1
  • [hal-04262845] Effet de la méthanisation sur l'usage des sols et les systèmes de production

    [...]

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florent Levavasseur) 27 Oct 2023

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04262845v1
  • [hal-03996734] Land cover changes with the development of anaerobic digestion for biogas production in France

    Anaerobic digestion is developing in various countries worldwide to produce renewable energy. In addition, the resulting digestates provide readily available nutrients when applied to cropping systems as fertilizers. The introduction of a biogas plant on a farm can induce land cover changes, in relation to the production of feedstock for the biogas plant and/or to the modification of the farming system. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize and quantify the land cover changes in farms associated with biogas plants in France. We combined two national spatialized databases: the Land Parcel Identification System (yearly French land cover at the parcel scale with farm identifier per parcel) and the SINOE database (biogas plant location and year of start-up). We showed that, on average, the changes were limited, with an increase in maize areas (+3.4% of the total farm areas) compensated by a decrease in wheat and rapeseed areas (−1.8% and −1.9%, respectively), but with a certain variability. The French regulation and market limiting the use of dedicated energy crops seems to have limited land cover changes in France compared to other countries. However, we elaborated a typology of land cover changes and characterized five clusters of farms across the country. The main one (67% of the farms) corresponded to unchanged land cover after the introduction of a biogas plant. The four other clusters showed contrasting changes, for example, an increase or a decrease in grassland areas, a strong increase in maize areas, or a replacement of winter wheat by winter barley. The diversity and the driving factors behind these changes deserve to be better studied and understood through further farmer surveys.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Florent Levavasseur) 30 Jul 2024

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03996734v1
  • [hal-03765968] Recycling local organic waste in peri-urban horticulture: a case-study in the Parisian region

    In France, there is a growing demand of locally produced vegetables from urban consumers. Meanwhile, cities and their peri-urban areas are a source of organic wastes (OW) that can be recycled as amendment or fertiliser in agriculture. Our research objective was to investigate the current and prospective uses of OW by market gardeners and fruit growers in three peri-urban areas near Paris (France). We carried out semi-structured interviews with thirty market gardeners and/or fruit growers to study their current fertilisation practices and their perception regarding the potential use of diverse OW available (or probably available in the future). It turned out that the most common OW were green waste compost and horse manure, used mainly as soil amendment. Besides, most farmers used commercial organic fertilisers. Farmers' perception regarding the potential use of biowaste compost was good, as well as for shredded green waste. However, the farmers were more reluctant to use digestate from biowaste anaerobic digestion and human urine, although they would be suitable OW for the substitution of commercial fertilisers (thanks to a high N availability). This reluctance was mainly explained by sanitary risks, legal barriers, logistic problems or fear of consumer perception. We showed that for farmers, OW had to be considered not only for their fertilisation or amendment role but also for other farming objectives such as mulching. The rates of OW application greatly varied among farmers but were higher than what was usually applied in field crops in Paris region. Based on these figures, we extrapolated the required acreage to recycle all composted organic wastes from private households at the scale of the Ile-de-France (Paris) region. This showed that market gardening and fruit production could play a significant role in recycling OW from cities at the regional level.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 11 Jan 2023

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03765968v2
  • [hal-03765958] Recycling local organic waste in peri-urban horticulture: a casestudy in the Parisian region

    In France, there is a growing demand of locally produced vegetables from urban consumers. Meanwhile, cities and their peri-urban areas are a source of organic wastes (OW) that can be recycled as amendment or fertiliser in agriculture. Our research objective was to investigate the current and prospective uses of OW by market gardeners and fruit growers in three peri-urban areas near Paris (France). We carried out semi-structured interviews with thirty market gardeners and/or fruit growers to study their current fertilisation practices and their perception regarding the potential use of diverse OW available (or probably available in the future). It turned out that the most common OW were green waste compost and horse manure, used mainly as soil amendment. Besides, most farmers used commercial organic fertilisers. Farmers’ perception regarding the potential use of biowaste compost was good, as well as for shredded green waste. However, the farmers were more reluctant to use digestate from biowaste anaerobic digestion and human urine, although they would be suitable OW for the substitution of commercial fertilisers (thanks to a high N availability). This reluctance was mainly explained by sanitary risks, legal barriers, logistic problems or fear of consumer perception. We showed that for farmers, OW had to be considered not only for their fertilisation or amendment role but also for other farming objectives such as mulching. The rates of OW application greatly varied among farmers but were higher than what was usually applied in field crops in Paris region. Based on these figures, we extrapolated the required acreage to recycle all composted organic wastes from private households at the scale of the Ile-de-France (Paris) region. This showed that market gardening and fruit production could play a significant role in recycling OW from cities at the regional level.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 31 Aug 2022

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03765958v1
  • [hal-03395224] Intégration de matières organiques locales dans les pratiques agricoles d’une diversité de systèmes de production de légumes en contexte périurbain

    Les enjeux de reterritorialisation de l’agriculture sont de plus en plus présents dans les débats publics et en particulier en Ile-de-France. Des associations oeuvrent pour le maintien de l’agriculture face à l’urbanisation : c’est le cas des associations de la Plaine de Versailles, du plateau de Saclay et du Triangle Vert, territoires du sud-ouest francilien. Relocaliser l’alimentation via l’installation ou le maintien de cultures maraîchères fait partie des enjeux de reterritorialisation, mais ce terme englobe également l’idée de recyclage des ressources territoriales, dont les produits résiduaires organiques issus des villes. Cette étude avait pour but d’étudier les potentiels d’utilisation de matières organiques locales au sein des cultures légumières et fruitières des trois territoires mentionnés. Cette étude s’est basée sur des entretiens auprès de maraîchers et arboriculteurs afin de recueillir leurs pratiques actuelles et leurs besoins en termes d’entretien de la fertilité des sols, ainsi que leurs ressentis face à diverses matières organiques locales potentiellement utilisables en agriculture.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 22 Oct 2021

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03395224v1
  • [hal-03279294] Le déchet urbain, une ressource matière pour l’hinterland : Cas des matières organiques pour les systèmes maraîchers

    Présentation des résultats temporaires du stage de Léa Boros sur les usages et perceptions des maraîchers quant à l'usage des matières organiques urbaines. Ce stage s'inscrit dans une coopération entre: (i) le projet FLUX LOCAL: Réancrer les flux alimentaires et boucler les flux de matière organique à l'échelle locale pour contribuer à la durabilité territoriale, (ii) la thèse CIRAD/Veolia de Nicolas Bijon: Simulation de la Symbiose Territoriale pour favoriser l'économie circulaire, (iii) la thèse INRAE de Florent Lelenda Kebalo: Modelling the effects of biobased fertilizers on productivity and soil/air/water quality of different cropping systems including market gardening in peri urban agriculture.

    ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Kevin Morel) 06 Jul 2021

    https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03279294v1

See also

lea.boros@inrae.fr

Modification date: 06 November 2023 | Publication date: 17 March 2021 | By: BOROS Léa